Transfusion apparatus



March 22, 1932. R THAYER 1,850,273

TRANSFUS I ON APPARATUS Filed April 2. 192'? 2 sheets-sheet 1 March 22, '1932. R, W, THAYER 1,850,273

TRANSFUS ION APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1927 2 sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 22, 1932 PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT, XV; THAYZER, 0F LONG` ISLAND, NEW YORK "TBANsFUsroN APPARATUS Application sied April 2, 1921i Yserial no. 186,520.

, This invention relates to apparatus for transferring fluids from one body to the other, particularly human bodies and also for withdrawal of liquids therefrom, as the re- 5 movingy of i pathological fluids /rorn kthe pleural, abdominal or other body cavities, or for vinjecting'` therein 'liquid'` medications. More particularly the apparatus forming the subject matter of' this invention relates to 1U means for removing'of` blood from one person and transferring it to -another,za process generally known as blood transfusion. y

One of' the objects of the presentinvention is theproduction of a ,simplified and easily 5 operated device whereby thel operation of blood'transfusi'onrnay becarried on with certainty, ease and satisfaction bya single operator. Another' object'of the present invention is the provision of an apparatus of 2@ the character described which canv be readily prep-aredfor disseinbled for sterilizationby a personl ordinarily skilled in handling surgical and .like instruments, and which contains no blood, the donor, andinjected intotheperson receiving the' blood,'therecipient or donee, at such arate andregularity that Vclotting of the blood in the transfusion-is `eliniinated,'Whereby the cooling action of ether? on tl'ie' blood syringes ofk prior deviceslbecomes entirely unnecessary. Still'lar further purposeof the'present invention is the production ofa device of the kind described in which the control 'of the flow of the various iuids is undery the-coinplete control of a` single handv of the operator, thereby leavingA completely free the other hand for any purpose whatever. In accomplishing this last obj ectnot only is the actual propulsion of' the liquids or fiuids under the partscapable of being` adversely vacted uponv control of the single hand of the operator'but also their directions of flow and destinations are under the control of the same hand. The invention also has for its objectthe produc-` tion of'` a device of the characterdescribed '55 having a vertical pump' cylinder vor syringe mounted on a relatively large heavy base, whereby stability, strength, ease of 'operation, and prevention of leaks result. Further thefinvention contemplates the production of U0 a device wholly constructed of metal or glass,

without the use of rubber or like washers, gaskets, or'pacliingaV capable of destruction or of being attacked by the sterilizing Inediuin or operation, The elimination of the 35 danger of infectingfthe donor with the blood of the recipient is another object accomplished 'by the .apparatus embodyingFL the present invention, Still otherobject-s of my invention are the production of a transfusion or hollow "7 needle which perrnitsthe detection of they flow of blood or fluid therethrough, and thel provision of a; receptacle for saline or other' liquid connected to therapparatus, Further-obliects and advantages of the invention will be in part obviousand in part specifically pointed out in the detailed description which'foL lows, ,taken in connectionv with the accom panying drawings which disclose a preferred embodiment of the invention. Such einbodi- 59 nient is to be taken asillustrative, howeveni being understood that variations may bernardo therein without departing frominy invert tion. l f

The invention be clearly understood .85 fromy the following detailed. description in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings wherein llike reference characf ters indicate like partsin the several views or figures., In these drawings forming part of this case,

Fig. 1l is a vertical" sectionaly view :along the axis of the apparatus ;u y

Fig. 2 isa cross-sectional? view Hon the 95 line II-II of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of'thearrows't. n

Figs. 3. to 14,- inclusive, are deta'il'e'ily views of parts ofxtheapparatus shovvn'iny Fig. 1', in Vwhich 3 is'fa top-end view and Fig. 1w

5 a bottom end view of the part shown in Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawings, the apparatus comprises a pump or syringe 1, mounted vertically in a valve plug, cock or male member 2 which in turn is mounted in a valve socket or female member 3 in the wide heavy base member 4.

The pump or syringe 1 comprises a graduated glass or similar cylinder or chamber 5, in which is fitted a metal, glass, or porcelain piston head 6 closely engaging and accurately fitting the cylinder for reciprocating motion. The piston head 6 is attached to the lower end of the piston rod 7 by means of the ball and socket connection 7, whereby actuation of the rod 7 with an up and down motion will cause the piston head to ascend and descend in the cylinder 5. The cylinder 5 is closed at its lower end with a head 8, preferably constructed of metal, and provided with a nozzle or nipple 9 having a longitudinal channel 10. The nozzle 9 is gently tampered and fits accurately in a corresponding opening 11 in the cock or male member 2. The top of the cylinder 5 is open and protected by a metal rim 12. The lower part of the piston 6 is preferably cone shaped, as shown in Figs. 1 and 10, and the top of the head 8, within the cylinder 5, is funnel shaped and soV proportioned that all the surface of the lower part vof the piston 6 is in contact with the upper part of the head 8 when the piston 6 is in its lowermost position.

Upon the cock or male member 2, and preferably integral therewith as shown in the drawings, is the casing 13, comprising four spaced standards 14 connected at their bases to the upper and horizontal disk-like part 33 of the cock 2, and at their tops to the threaded header 15, with which the ring 16 is in threaded engagement. The ring 16 surrounds a cap 17 which is provided with an abutment 17 for engagement with the rim 12 of the springe cylinder and the threaded part 16 of the ring 16. By screwing down the ring 16 the cap 17 is brought against the rim 12 of the syringe which becomes centered by the action of the bevelled part of the abutment 17 The cap 17 carries a pin 17 2 which fits with a slot 173 in the header 15 (see Figs. 3, 13 and 14), in order to prevent the rotation of cap 17'with respect to the casing 13 or header 15. The cap 17 is hollow within its interior and is provided with an air outlet opening as will fully apl pear from an inspection of Figs. 1 and 14.

The hollow portion of the cap 17 is provided to accommodate the liquid seal which is usually employed above the piston 6. As the ring 16 is screwed down in position upon the header 15, a pressure is exerted upon the top of the cylinder which securely forces .the nozzle or nipple 9 of the head 8 into the opening 11 of the cock 2, thereby producing a firm and leak-proof connection between the pump or syringe 1 and the cock 2. The spaces between the standards 14 of the casing 13 afford windows for viewing the pump cylinder, its contents and graduations as clearly shown in Fig. 4.

As heretofore indicated the piston rod 7 is connected to the piston head 6. rihis piston rod is` shown in the drawings as having a cross section of the shape of a square. The cap 17 of the casing is provided with a squared opening 13 Vto receive the square piston rod 7. At the end of the piston rod is the handle 19 permitting the. manual operation of the pump by raising and lowering of thev piston. The handle 19 is secured to the piston rod 7 by means of the thumb screw 191'l rhe piston rod 7 is square in cross section for the purpose of enabling the operator after reciprocation of the piston 6 to turn the cock 2, with its attached casing 13 and syringe l, from one position to another, whereby blood, in case of a transfusion operation, may be taken from the donor and transferred to the recipient, by the use of a single hand of the operator. It is obvious that the piston rod 7 may have other shapes in cross section, accomplishing the same result, for example its cross section may be in the form of a triangle parallelogram, ellipse or any other shape compelling the cap 17 and its attached parts to follow a rotary motion given to the piston rod 7 by a rotary motion of the hand of the operator grasped to the handle 19. From the above arrangement it will be observed that the piston rod can be given a vertical reciprou eating motion and the cock 2 can be changed. from one position to another by the operator with but the use of a single hand, and without change of the hold of the hand upon the handle 19.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, it will be observed that the cock or male member 2, as heretofore described, is tapered and fits in a stop-cock relationship within the correspondingly tapered socket or female member 3 of the upper cylindrical part of the wide base member 4 which is preferably circular at its base. The base is'of such weight, size and stability as to resist, without displacement from or rotation with respect to the support upon which it may be placed, the upward pull and rotation of the piston, while it is at the same time of such dimensions as to be easily manually transported. Such construction enables the apparatus to securelyv maintain its upright position. The male member 2 has a channel 20, comprising a vertical portion 21,connecting with the channel 10 of the head 8 of the syringe or pump 1, and a horizontal part 22 which may be placed in registry, by rotation of .the cock 2 through handle 19, with either of the three openings 23, 24 and 25 in the upper cylindrical part than or 909, fromz either..

insomma thesethree openingsarenipples or connectors 26v and' 28;, the nipple 26 beingconnected lto the; :opening .23 and the nipple `28* to 1the-opening 25. A rubherhoseer llexibleiluidzeon veyorv lisrconnected'aft one end tofeach of the nipples 26 l 5285 and z ati the other end of eaehliose isfconnected a :transfusion orv hoh W needle-70 for entry into. the veinor artery of the zdonor: orv recipient. Theanipple 26 or opening-23 vsfdesigned to neceive blood, fin the caseofatransfusion operation, from the donor, whichfblood is delivered totheprecip ientfthrongh the; .opening25 and nipplek 28; Theopening 24 .and .connector 27 and its at*- tachmentsfare to. alord ymeans; forpermit.- tingthe,nsezofv a saline solutionior other solutionf-vvith the bloed transfusion" or `other operation( f Theeonneotor '27.y is providedt'with a nozzle 80 which `eleadsto therinteriormofthe .saline or otherilud receptacle v'81; Thenozzle passes through. the :bottoma of `receptacle and lis held l inv leaki proof engagement: therewith by meansof a locking nut 82. ThejnozzleeSO is s provi ded'. with. a distributing: head `183 provided with ,channels 84 asfwill appearinFigs;

. 1' and` 2.. The hea-d8?)l maiyfbe' attached upon the nozzle w18()`4 .by screwthreadsfor. the: two parte may :beA formedffrom one pieceyrThe purpose of the peculiariconstructionl ofv the distributing; head is. to prevent liquid' from being,y ejected Vfrom' the cupwhen itis' forced therein'under greatpressure; Theforce of liquidy ejectedifrom the channels '84 is spent against thev sides of; thereceptacle 81. The receptacle 81 is provided ,with a cover k85 which is provided with an air opening 86:.

It willibe obvionsfromthe :above that when the handle 19 andpiston rod-.Z is given a' ro,-`

` toting; motion that' the horizontal yportion 22 ofthe chennel20 of the 'cock ormai-e. member 2 .can be brought into registi-.y ywith either fof the three.opfniings2324.v or 25, Inorder to limit the `motion Vofthe cock 2 sothatits herizontal channel 22 will inc t escape-registry with the openings `23, -261 and 25.5 when thecockis moved yin either of these. directions,y suitable stopfmeans is provided comprisinga. ball stop 90 pressed against the lower partof the diskf lilrepart" 33 ofthe stoprcoekmen-iber'. The ball 90v isofsulicient size as to itifreelywithinthefchannel 91in the basemember and female member 3,- but is of sufficient size to prevent `ejection from the top ofsaid channel through the yaction of the pressingv spring 92k held in positionby means of the screw` 93. This preventing 4of ejection. ofv the ball .stop 90 is accomplished by constrictingtheehannel 91 at its upper end. The ball stop `90 is adapt.-

cdtOengagelhree depressions 94Lin1the lower surface ofthe pantg of-the male cock memherj2. fSeeFigs. land 5;.r The depressionsfl andiV hallg-stop'aQO :larefsno` `positioned thatjthey register; '.fe'achgothei'-, `and produce a distinct snap Vor:arresting 'of motion,. when `the charmel 22. isI broughtxin registry with either of the 4openings. 23., 2flfanzd125.. Theaengage.- mentofithe ball 90 withl thefdepressionfil is such .as tolonly neqnire fa small lafmountf ofnd- Iditional :rotary lforce ortorqne on .theshandle 19.:y tof disengage the connection; By this mtcenszthe operatori can easily j udgefwhen .the channel isinr'e'gistrywith ,anyofftlie ope-n'- ings 23,524 andf25. Ineorder toadvise the opernten as `tostherl position rvolf-'fthe channel 22 .with respectfto the .openings `23., 24 and `25, .a pointer orindicatoraQis provi-ded'. See Figs. 1513,54 .andz Obviously other stopm-eans may 'be employed :accomplishing similar finie.-

y tions asathe stop-meansabovedescribed .andi

do; noti'ntend to limit' myself' specifically to those described.

In order to/secure from vertical displacement the'y coclrorimale member 2 .and .maintain fr tight'. connection between the: outerl surface offtlle male 'member' Zand thesnrfa of the female member 3, therebyii preventing :leal:- ing while permitting free rotation of the male memberf-Q', theparts 34,' :35g 36,' 37 andSS are provided. See especiallyfFigs. 1, 455,5, 6 and 7. *Asy Willi benseenffrom'. these views,r the vvalve member 2; isxprov-idedfwith ay studal passing through :en-opening inthe :baseememher and the kfemale valvemeniber 2. The stud 4Sillas a Het portionffwhich.engages the flatportion 38 inthe metal Washer '36 which surrounds the stud'fl; Themetal washer 36', Which resists upwardV pulls upon the valve member 2,.is held iii-positionmeansofzthe f thumb-screw 35.y The! adjustment of the length', of the stud; 341' is such asftofsecurezfa tight fit of the valve membersfso as to' pre-V vent leaks,V but'theiengwgiementiis'not so tight asfto prevent relative rotation ofthe valve members 2 and 3. 3

Instead' kof theI pump jor vsyringe v shown in Fig. 1 of the drawingsywhich is generally known to. the .medical.profession as @Record syring@ .theremay be used. .e j syringe whose piston entirely' or practically entirely fills the cylinder in whifchitiitmthe. piston usuallyrbeingmade of glass, althoughfor'the purposes of, this rinventionit may befmade of metal' or other; suitable substance. c Syringes of this latter type employing glass pistons 'are generally known' to the. professionr as Leuer syringes.,"WhenA syringes ofA this type are used the cap ,17'is provided Witha suticiently larges opening 18 to pemnitithepiston tobe elevatedand depressed.` .In lthis case the shifting of male member 21's not: performed by means ofthe'rotation of theV pistombut must be performed independently.'

The transfusionneedle which I may .em-

It consists of a steel or metal part 71, provided with a channel or hollow part. `The needle is provided with a connector or lock, indicated generally by the numeral 72, connecting it with a transparent portion 7 3. The end of the. transparent portion away from the needle is connected to the tube by another connector or lock 74. The transparent portion 7 3 may be made of glass or other transparent resista-nt material and is cemented or secured in any suitable manner in the connectors 72 and 74. A winged portion is provided as a rest or abutment for the finger when the needle is being inserted in the vein or artery. The connectors which I preferably employ for 72 and7 4 are of a variety which permit of easy connection .and disconnection of the needle part 71 or the hose part 50. The form of connector known as the Leuer lock is very suitable. `I may omit the connector 72 and join the part 71 to the part 7 3 in a direct manner. In thisA last modification the transparent part becomes a part or an extension of the needle part 7l. The purpose of the transparent portion is to indicate the exact instant that blood begins to pass through the needle, either from the donor or tothe recipient. `In this manner it can be ascertained with exactness and speed whether the needles are inserted in the donor or recipient in the proper position. Furthermore, the presence of air in and about the needle point can be detected.

The structureV of the transparent portion of the needle may be modified by reducing the volume of the transparent section by making the glass walls thicker and the channel for the passage of fluids of substantially uniform diameter throughout its length. The diameter may be substantially equal to, or greater or less than the diameter of the channel in the hose 50.

The operation and use of my device in connection with a blood transfusion operation may be as follows:

The apparatus is sterilized by the ordinary methods. The donor and recipient are preferably placed opposite each other head to feet on beds or supports of the same height. The apparatus is placed between them preferably supported upon a board placed between doner and recipient. A few drops of sterile albolenemay be placed on the valve arts 2 and 3 and in the inner surface of t e pump or syringe 1 for the purpose of lubricating these parts. The apparatus is then assembled and the pump cylinder 5 filled with sterile normal saline by bringing the channel 22 in registery with the opening 24 andthenraisingthe piston 6 from the fully depressed position by means of the handle 19 attached to the piston rod 7 A few centimeters of the saline should be inserted through the opening in the cap 17 upon the top of the piston 6 to seal it. It is likely that all the air will not be removed from the cylinder by this one operation, due to the air in channels 10 and 2O which has not been expelled through depression of the piston 6. Accordingly it is necessary to elevate and depress the piston several times to make sure that all air has been expelled. If any is present it will usually accumulate directly below the piston 6 and can be readily observed through the openings between the standards 14. lThe saline used in the operation is placed in the receptacle 81 which connects with the opening 24. The needle for the recipient and the tube connecting it to nipple 28 are then filled with the saline by placing the channel 22 in registry with the opening 25, and gently depressing the handle 19 until the flow of saline is observed to take place from the end of the needle. In a similar manner the needle for the donor and the tube connecting it with the nipple 26 are filled with saline by bringing the channel 22 in registry with the opening 23. After the apparatus has thus been filled with saline, to avoid injection of air in the recipient, the needle connected to nipple 28 is inserted in the recipient and the recipients vein treated with saline. The donors vein is then entered with the needle connected to the nipple 26 and opening 23. It is important to get the proper flow of blood from the donor for the success of the operation. By pulling up on the plunger, comprising the parts 6, 7 and 19, whenthe channel 22 is in registry with the opening 28, the syringe or pump 1 is lled with blood from the donor. In this position the indicator is above the nipple 26. The hand is not removed from the handle 19, but isthenturned,while firmly holdinghandle 19, through an arc of 180, or until the indicator 95 comes above the nipple 28, to rotate the valve member 2 into the position where the channel 22 registers with the opening 25 leading to the needle inserted in the recipient. The blood is then delivered to the recipient by depressing the plunger. Still keeping the hand firmly grasping the handle 19 of the plunger, it is rotated back through the same arc of 180 until the indicator is again above the nipple 26, that is, until the channel 22 is again in registry with the opening 23, whereupon the syringe is again filled with the blood of the donor by elevating the plunger. The above manipulation is repeated until the desired amount of blood is transferred to the recipient, the amount of blood being esti mated by multiplying the capacity of the syringe by the number of fillings of the syringe with the donors blood.

In case saline is wanted for any purpose, (for example to clean the syringe, to wash out needles, to increase the volume ofv fluid sent to recipient, to inject in donor, or for any other purpose or emergency) the valve member 2 is turned so that the channel 22 registers with the opening 24, in which position the indicator will be directly above and in alignment with the nipple 27 ,whereupon by lifting `the plunger any desired height regulated quantities of lsaline may be drawn into the syringe from the receptacle 81. The movement of the valve member 2 in either direction by rotation of the handle 19 will permit delivery of thesaline either to the opening 23 leading to the donors needle ory to the opening 25 leading -to the recipients needle.

It is to be understood that the use Vof my apparatus is not limited to blood transfusions but may also be used for the other purposes mentioned above, its use in these applications being obvious from the foregoing description;

It is particularly suitable for intravenous means for connecting said cap with said casmg to prevent relative rotary motion between them.

2. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination of a cylinder, a hollow cap for said cylinder extending the volume thereof, casing means surrounding said cylinder and means for connecting said cap with said casing means to prevent relative rotary motion between them and means for rotating said cylinder and casing means in unison.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a cylinder, a hollow cap therefor increasing the volume of said cylinder, a valve member, means for connecting said cylinder with said valve member, securing means connected with said valve member for securing said cap upon said cylinder and means for preventing relative rotary motion between said cap and said securing means.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of ka cylinder, a cap therefor, a valve member connected with said cylinder, a frame carried by said valvemember, a ring surrounding said Vcap and engaging said frame for securing said cap in position, and means for preventing relative rotation between said frame and said cap.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

ROBERT W. THAYER. 

